There are a large number of different parasites that are present in the inner organs of a person or inhabit their skin and hair.Including such parasites can be helminth.
Helminthen- The general name of the parasitic worms living in the human body, other animals or plants.
According to the statistical data of the World Health Organization, more than 4.5 billion people in the world are infected with various parasites, many of which are helminths.
In the official reporting statistics of the Russian Federation, an increase in the incidence of basic helminthia in some areas of the constituent institutions of the Russian Federation: Echinocococosis, opisthorchiasis.In a number of areas, indicators for the incidence of enterobiosis and ascaridosis remain at a high level.
There are many ways to get into the human body.One of the most common ways of infection is an infection from food.Badly washed vegetables, fruits or herbs, inadequate fried or boiled meat, fish, poultry, non -properly treated foods can lead to infections with helminths.
They can be infected in improper storage of the finished product.For example, the storage of sweet pastries can lead to infections with helminths without protective packaging, the eggs of which can enter the finished product with flies or other insects.
Let us try to find out which helminths have been transmitted with food and are most common in our country and how the risk of infection with them can be minimized.
Supreme (cat, liver, lanceolate, etc.)
Fasciaosis
In humans, more than 40 types of subsiders can parasitize, while the localization of helminths in the body can be very different - liver, light and blood vessels.
The liver borrower is the causal means of fascioliasis and influences the liver and gallbladder.
One person is infected when using vegetable garden plants to water water from open waters.
Patients have general symptoms of poisoning - weakness, reduced appetite, nausea, headache.Allergic reactions can occur in the form of skin itching or urticaria, asthmatic attacks.
An increase in the size of the parasite can lead to a violation of the bile flow in the duodenum and the occurrence of signs of mechanical jaundice.Patients have pain in the right hypochondrium.Next, the yellowness of the skin can be observed and feces can be discolored.
Opistorchoz
The causal active ingredients of opisthorchiasis are a cat opposite.
Human infection occurs with raw, not sufficiently thermally processed or salted fishing.
The clinical manifestations of opisthorchiasis are characterized by a significant variety.It depends on the individual properties of the body as well as the intensity and duration of the infection.The number of parasitic worms can fluctuate in a large area: from individual parasites to several ten and even hundreds.The repeated use of infected fish leads to an increase in the infection and deterioration of clinical manifestations.Clinically, the disease can be accompanied by an increase in temperature in patients, the occurrence of urticaria, skin itching, muscles and joint pain.Patients can have pain in the right hypochondrium, a feeling of severity in the stomach, nausea.
Paragonism
The main cause of paragonosis in humans is a lung bacon.
The causal ingredient of the disease enters into the intestine of a person when they eat crustaceans living in areas in which a focus of the disease is and wanders through the body: they penetrate through the intestinal wall into the abdominal cavity and then enter the pleural cave through the diagram, then into the lung tissue.Longer larvae can also penetrate other organs and tissues.The localization of the parasite in the brain is particularly dangerous.The impulmonary localization of the parasite occurs in a third of the infected people and is often the cause of death.
In the early stage of the disease, if the lung bacon only hikes in the body, the disease is almost asymptomatic.Sometimes small allergic reactions that areching it itching are possible for skin, less often - abdominal pain, jaundice.As soon as the parasite reaches the final localization, the patients have pronounced symptoms of lung damage: constant cough with plenty of sputum, severe pain in the chest.During the disease, for example, various complications can occur, such as pneumothorax air that penetrates the pleural boar.Very often pneumonia or pleuritis develop in patients (inflammation in pleural coal).
Tapeworm
Tapeworms (cestodes) - a group of parasitic worms with a band form and consisting of another number of anatomically isolated segments.The dimensions of the worms vary from a few millimeters to 10 to 15 meters or more.At the front of the worm is the head, an organ of fixing the parasite on the human intestinal mucosa.Helmint is attached to the intestinal wall with different devices - rounded or slit -like suction cups, hooks.
Diffillobotriosis
The causal means of dipillolobotriosis is a wide tape that lives in the intestine of a person.
The adhesive tape is far-reaching a length of 12 to 15 meters or more and the number of segments thousand.
A human infection occurs if it does not work sufficiently thermally, freshly frozen, badly chopped, poorly withered and crap, raw fish fish and when using freshly salted fish.The clinical image is due to the mechanical effect of helminths on the intestinal mucosa and the absorption of nutrients.Patients with dipillobotriosis complain about pain and rumbling in the stomach, nausea, vomiting.There is often a stool disorder.With the simultaneous parasitization of several worms, an intestinal construction can occur.
The tape adsores vitamin B12 on its surface, and this leads to a violation of the formation of red blood cells in the patient's body and the occurrence of anemia.Patients have a lot of skin, weakness, discomfort.
Clay
The cause of the shadow is a bull strap worm that is localized by the small intestine of a person and can reach a length of 10 meters.
People are infected with tusiarin chose when eating infected beef meat (poorly fried or cooked, cord, chopped meat).
The tusirin chose often runs asymptomatic and is recognized by chance when the patient sees a parasite segment in his feces or recognizes it in bed or in clothing.During the survey, the patient can complain that he recently weakened, increased tiredness, sleep disorder, skin of rumbling in the stomach, pain in the right, venerable region, vomiting, violation of the chair.
An attack on acute appendicitis or intestinal engineering can occur as a complication of the tusirin chose in patients.
Teniosis
The causes of tiniosis is a chain of pigs that is located in the small intestine of a person and can reach a length of 3 meters.
Pig tapeworm can be localized in various organs and tissues.
Relatively cheap cystycche with localization in subcutaneous tissue or skeletal muscles.
In the case of eye -cystiscose, the patients complain of the distortion of the shape of objects, tears and a gradual decrease in visual acuity.
The brain's cysticism is difficult and often ends with a fatal result for a sick person.
Echinococcosis
The causal means of echinococcosis is a echinococcal that is located in the liver and lungs and can reach a length of 5 to 6 meters.
For one person, an infection with Echinococcus with unwashed garden plants, vegetables or fruit is possible, which are parasite eggs.
The clinical manifestations of the disease depend on the size, quantity and localization of Echinococcus bubbles in the patient's body.With the localization of Echinococcus in the liver, the patients complain about the severity and pain in the right hypochondrium and the yellowity of the skin as a result of a violation of the bile outflow.Large cysts that press the gate venue lead to a violation of the venous blood drainage from the intestine and the occurrence of aszit - the accumulation of liquid in the abdominal cavity.
Dry cough and pain during breathing are affected by the localized lungs.
Alveococcose
The causal means of the alveococcosis is alveococcus, which influences the liver with possible subsequent metastases into various other organs.The size of the alveococcus does not exceed 5 mm.
One person is infected if you eat unwashed wild herbs and forest berries as well as when eating products, when washing, which is carried out in an open pond.
In the early stage of the disease, patients are concerned about weakness, discomfort, headache and skin itchers.In the future, complaints about a feeling of severity in the right hypochondrium can appear;Vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence, especially after eating fatty foods.
The patient's condition deteriorates considerably when alveococcus enters other organs.The most dangerous metastases in the brain, kidneys, lungs.Against the background of the inhibition of the patient's immune system, the bubbles occur very often, abscesses occur in the inner organs, which worsens the patient's condition even more and can be the cause of death.
Round worms (nematodes)
Round worms are one of the most numerous types of worms.Diseases caused by round worms are called nematodoses.
The body of the nematod has a spindle -shaped or thread -shaped shape, the ties rounded in the cross -section at the ends, the size of the worm round can be different, but more often does not exceed 0.5 meters.
Acaridosis
The causal agent of ascariasis is Ascaris, which parasitically parasitically parasitically in the small intestine.The size of mature worms can reach 40 cm.
The main and only possible mechanism of human infection with ascaridosis is faecal oral.Uncertained vegetables or fruit, water, household items, dirty hands are the main transmission factors.And if you remember the mechanical carriers of eggs - insects, then the list of products on which the Askarid eggs are extremely large can be extremely large.
The clinical manifestations of ascariasis depend on the number of parasites in the small intestine.Most of the time an individual lives in a person's intestine - then the disease is most frequently asymptomatic.
In the presence of several people in the body, patients have signs of poisoning of the body with products of worms.The patients complain about dizziness, headache and sleep disorders.There is a feeling of heaviness in the stomach, unstable chair.Symptoms of intestinal deflection can occur in the parasitization of a large amount of ascaride.
Enterobiosis
The cause of enterobiosis are the cuts that are located in the intestine and can reach the size of up to 1 cm.
The only possibility of infection with cuts is faecal oral.Unzinsed vegetables and fruit, household items, dirty hands are the main transmission factors.Insects can also be dolls of cutting eggs for food.
With a small number of parasites, an asymptomatic course of the disease is possible.In the presence of a large number of parasites, itching is observed in the anus, and patients are possible for abdominal pain, nausea and stool disorder.
During the migration of the females, the females can penetrate the genitals in them with the subsequent occurrence of the inflammatory process.
Trichinosis
The causal means of trichinellosis is Trichinella, which is located in the small intestine and in the skeletal muscles of the host.
Trichinella is one of the smallest nematodes.The sizes of parasites reach barely 4 mm.Adult trichinelles parasitize in the small intestine, and in the larval stage in the cross -striped muscles is the exclusion of the heart muscle.
One person is infected with infected animals - wild boars, pigs, bears, seals.For infection, it is sufficient to use 30-50 g of trichine meat.In most cases, a person with meat, fat, ham, bacon, briskets and sausages is infected from infected animals.
Clinical trichinellose manifests itself through general symptoms of malaise, headache, fever up to 38-39 ° C.
A little later, a pronounced edema of the eyelids or the entire face occurs, sometimes a swelling of the limbs occurs.These symptoms give muscle pain - calf, chewing, lumbar.Gradually, muscle pain intensifies and spread to new muscle groups.The patient's movements are becoming increasingly limited, sometimes until full immobilization.
The poisoning of the patient's body with the products of the life of parasites leads to heart, lungs, brain and can be the cause of the patient's death.
Helminthiasis prevention
In order to prevent infection with helminths, several rules must be observed, namely:
- Note the simplest rules of personal hygiene, including your hands washing to the street, before the meals after contact with money and animals.
- Try to avoid contact with stray animals.If you have a pet, visit a veterinary clinic regularly.It is essential to carry out courses in animal deworming with the frequency recommended by the veterinarian.
- Wash fruit, vegetables, berries thoroughly, even if you come from your personal property.
- Do not drink water and do not wash the dishes and the food with water, the safety of which you are not safe.
- Only eat products that have passed the necessary heat treatment.
- Offer insect protection in your kitchen.To confiscate the window openings, for example, cover the standby courts.
- Do not eat a dried or dried house.
- Do not use homemade salty lard.